Where does the weight go when burning calories?

Body fat becomes CO2 and H2O. You get rid of CO2 through breathing and H2O through peeing or sweating. If you don't go to toilet and drink the amount of water you lost through perspiration you won't loose 1kg but you won't stay the same weight either. Because H2O stayed in your body but CO2 left.

Does sending more data to my phone actually cost my carrier more money?

They did spend more energy, although that's a very small cost.  What you did is consume a greater share of the bandwidth. Building bandwidth capacity is very expensive. In order to keep up with increases in average data usage by all customers, they have to spend tons of money.

When a multi-billion dollar transaction occurs between two companies, how are the funds transferred/managed?

Typically by Wire Transfer.  Wire Transfers, unlike checks or regular electronic bank payments (known as ACH transactions in the US), are irrevocable once final -- even in the case of fraud. (That is, if someone authorized to make a wire transfer makes one, even if defrauded or illegally embezzling funds, the accountholder are still liable for the payment. If someone at the bank who isn't authorized to make a wire transfer illegally makes one, the accountholder is not liable.)

The idea is that businesses need finality when they receive payments, they can't just have money disappear from their accounts like if a "chargeback" or "stop payment" is done. If a wire transfer is made and you need your money back, you have to sue the recipient -- you can't just ask the bank to reverse the charge. For transactions between businesses, it's assumed that the need for finality outweighs the fraud protections that checks and nonwire electronic payments provide. (In the US, wire transfers are rarely used by consumers. Also why scamsters try to get you to wire money to them - people wrongly assume that wire transfers have the same protections as consumer payment systems.)

Source: The Uniform Commercial Code Article 4A.

How do ships keep time when traveling?

They use the same principle as countries that move the clocks forward or back in the middle of the night for Daylight Saving. Ships move relatively slowly so that helps for a start. Even going quickly across timezones, the ship's time would only need to be reset at most every other night. The crew will know that their local time is going to change before they go on watch. Some sentries will get lucky and have an overnight watch that's an hour shorter, some an hour longer. As the ship moves around, they can decide whether or not they need to tweak their time accordingly.

On submarines, it's common to switch to your destination time zone shortly after you leave the pier. Doesn't really matter, since the sun doesn't really affect us except when we come up once or twice a day en route, reporting sunrise/sunset at odd times until it eventually adjusts as we get closer.

What is RAM, Video RAM and Dedicated RAM etc and what are their difference?

RAM is fast, short-term memory.

It's quick - the whole point of using it is that you can throw information into it and take information out of it really fast and efficiently.

This makes it ideal for applications where being able to access information quickly important.

But it sucks for long term storage - when your computer shuts down, the RAM isn't designed to hold onto data. Long-term data storage toes to the Hard Drive.

Most RAM is dedicated RAM. Video RAM (often referred to as GDDR) is just RAM, but specifically designed for use with a video card.

In between Dedicated RAM and Video RAM sits Shared RAM - meaning that part of your RAM that is normally used for the system, is used instead by the video card. This is usually used with integrated systems, and is slightly better than nothing at all, but still not as good as a video card.

Dedicated	Shared	Video
RAM is only used by the system	RAM is shared between System and Video Card	RAM is only used by the video card
In most systems, can be easily upgraded	In most systems, can be easily upgraded, but the amount that can be 'shared' is limited by the Integrated Card	Not easily upgraded, usually what you buy is what you get
Usually referred to as DDR RAM. DDR4 is the newest standard.	Ditto	Usually referred to as GDDR RAM. GDDR5 is the newest standard

When you lose weight, where does it go?

When you burn fat, your body is combining the fat molecules with oxygen to convert it into water, carbon dioxide, and energy. You then breathe out the CO2, and sweat/pee out the water.

Why do shows use laugh tracks?

Laughter is 'contagious'. Hearing laughter makes you think something is funny.